Sulfa drugs can cause what ocular disease?

• A. Glaucoma
• B. Cataracts
• C. Uveitis
• D. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)

Answer: (D)

Sulfa drugs can cause keratoconjunctivitis sicca by reducing tear production through an immune-mediated or hypersensitivity reaction that targets the lacrimal glands. When the lacrimal glands are affected, the aqueous component of the tear film drops, leading to dry eye (KCS). The resulting ocular surface inflammation and mucus production reflect the dry, irritated eye that characterizes keratoconjunctivitis sicca. This mechanism is distinct from glaucoma (intraocular pressure issue), cataracts (lens opacity), or uveitis (inflammation inside the eye), which are not typical adverse effects of sulfa antibiotics. Stopping the offending drug and managing tear production helps restore the ocular surface.