What is the mechanism of action of activated charcoal?

• A. Inhibits hepatic metabolism
• B. Binds to toxins & prevents GIT absorption
• C. Neutralizes toxins chemically
• D. Increases gastric pH

Answer: (B)

Activated charcoal works by adsorption, using its highly porous surface to trap many toxins as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract. This physical binding keeps the toxins from crossing into the bloodstream, reducing their systemic effects. It does not chemically neutralize toxins or react with them, so it won’t inactivate toxins through a chemical change. It also does not alter gastric pH or affect hepatic metabolism. It’s most effective when given soon after ingestion and has limits—for example, it’s not reliable for certain substances like some metals, alcohols, caustics, or hydrocarbons, and it can interfere with the absorption of other orally administered drugs.